Abstract:
This study aims to analyze and identify the causes of spontaneous combustion and the
inefficiency of coal loading processes on ships at PT. Trielang Indo Maritim Berau, as
well as to formulate appropriate preventive measures to improve safety and operational
efficiency. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method with a case study
approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through direct observation during
field practice, documentation, and interviews with related parties in the company’s
operational environment. Data analysis was conducted using the fishbone (cause-and-
effect) diagram approach to identify the main contributing factors. The results show that
spontaneous combustion in coal is influenced by several main factors, including
inadequate monitoring of coal temperature and condition, the natural characteristics of
coal that are prone to oxidation, and environmental factors such as temperature and
humidity. In addition, the inefficiency of the loading process is caused by the lack of a
structured monitoring system, limited equipment, and operational disruptions due to
weather conditions. The impacts of these problems include temporary suspension of
loading operations (stop loading operation), delays in ship operations, and potential
financial losses such as demurrage costs. Preventive efforts that can be implemented
include improving periodic temperature monitoring systems, applying cargo handling
procedures in accordance with IMSBC Code standards, enhancing coordination among
related parties, and optimizing the use of equipment and human resources. With the
implementation of these measures, it is expected that the risk of spontaneous combustion
can be minimized and the coal loading process can run more safely, effectively, and
efficiently.
