Abstract:
The loading and unloading activities of bulk cargo such as coal on bulk
carrier vessels require proper coordination and accuracy in operating cargo handling
equipment, particularly grab cranes. In practice, the limited visibility of the crane
operator toward the grab position inside the cargo hold often causes maneuvering
errors which can reduce operational efficiency and increase the risk of equipment
damage and work safety hazards. This study aims to analyze the factors causing the
inefficiency of the coal unloading process using a grab crane on board MV. Aman
Sukses and to formulate efforts to improve the effectiveness of crane operation
through the implementation of a digital monitoring system.
This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The
research data were obtained through direct observation during sea practice on board
the vessel, interviews with crew members, documentation of operational activities,
and literature studies related to bulk carrier loading and unloading operations. Data
analysis was conducted using the Fishbone Diagram method to identify the causes of
the problem, which include human (man), equipment (machine), method,
measurement, material, and environmental factors.
The results show that the inefficiency of the unloading process is mainly
caused by the operator’s limited visibility of the grab position inside the cargo hold,
the absence of a digital monitoring system such as cameras and sensors, the lack of
standard operating procedures related to the use of the monitoring system, and
environmental conditions such as coal dust and inadequate lighting. To overcome
these problems, it is necessary to implement a digital grab crane monitoring system
using wireless cameras and monitors in the operator cabin, as well as to establish
standard operating procedures for its use. The implementation of a digital monitoring
system is expected to improve the accuracy of grab crane operations, reduce
maneuvering errors, and increase the efficiency and safety of loading and unloading
operations on bulk carrier vessels.
