Perancangan Sistem Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) Dalam Monitoring Kelembapan Ruang Muat Guna Mendukung Efisiensi Proses Pemuatan Kapal Curah Pada MV.EVRYDIKI

Abstract

Humidity monitoring in the cargo holds of bulk carriers is a critical aspect of maintaining cargo quality and supporting the efficiency of the loading process. The manual monitoring methods previously employed have significant limitations in terms of data continuity, accuracy, and operator dependency, often resulting in delayed detection of environmental changes within the cargo hold. This study aims to design and develop a prototype Smart Maritime Cargo Monitoring System based on the Internet of Things (IoT) using an ESP32 microcontroller and DHT22 sensor as an automated and real-time atmospheric monitoring solution for the cargo holds of bulk carrier MV. EVRYDIKI. This study employs a Research and Development (R&D) methodology based on a simplified Borg and Gall development model, consisting of four main stages: needs identification, planning, system design and prototype development, and testing and refinement. The developed system integrates a DHT22 sensor to measure temperature and relative humidity, an ESP32 microcontroller as the main control unit, a buzzer as an early warning alarm, and a web-based monitoring application accessible via smartphone or computer in real-time. Test results demonstrate that the system operates with an average error rate of 1.9%, well below the 5% industry tolerance threshold. The system also proved capable of detecting humidity anomalies and automatically activating the early warning system through two simultaneous alert channels: an acoustic buzzer installed in the cargo hold area and push notifications sent to the Officer on Watch's device. The system classifies cargo hold conditions into three categories: "NORMAL", "CAUTION", and "DANGER". Validation by expert lecturers in the fields of Nautical Science and Instrumentation, along with 20 Nautical Science cadets who had completed sea service, yielded an accumulated feasibility percentage of 96%, placing the prototype in the "Highly Appropriate" category. The Smart Maritime Cargo Monitoring System prototype is therefore declared fit for implementation as an effective and sustainable cargo hold environmental monitoring tool aboard bulk carrier vessels.