Abstract:
This research evaluates the implementation of safety work procedures in static tow
operations of tug boats, focusing on two main issues: the absence of contingency
proceduresfor sudden weather changes and weak socialization of safety procedures. The
study is based on an incident on December 10, 2024, in Jizan offshore, Saudi Arabia,
where sudden weather changes forced the suspension of static tow operations for 45
minutes, caused additional fuel consumption of 500 liters, and resulted in two near-miss
incidents. Using a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach, data were
collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and document review.
The findings reveal that safety procedures on TUG Zamil 70 only cover normal
operational conditions without specific guidelines for sudden weather changes, including
suspension criteria, towing wire securing methods, evacuation steps, and emergency
communication protocols. Moreover, safety socialization is ineffective due to 15-minute
one-way briefings without interactive discussion or practical simulations, resulting in
only 2 out of 7 crew members being able to explain the procedures completely. Procedure
documents use overly formal language and technical terms that are difficult for crew
members with diverse educational backgrounds to understand, with no refresher training
or drills ever conducted for emergency situations.
This research recommends developing clear contingency procedures for sudden
weather changes, improving interactive and regular procedure socialization with
practical simulations, installing an integrated real-time weather early warning system,
revising procedure documents using simple language with illustrations or flow diagrams,
and implementing strict sanctions for safety violations. Companies should also enhance
safety supervision by appointing dedicated officers, mandating regular drills and
simulations, and conducting periodic procedure evaluation and updates based on
incident and near-miss experiences to ensure procedures remain relevant and support
operational efficiency of tug boats.
