PERANCANGAN SISTEM DETEKSI DINI DISLOKASI RODA HATCH COVER GUNA MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI BONGKAR MUAT DI KAPAL MV. BULK BATAVIA

Abstract

Cargo handling operations aboard MV. Bulk Batavia face the risk of operational disruption caused by hatch cover wheel dislocation from the track, yet no system capable of early detection of such displacement has been available. This study aims to design and develop an ultrasonic sensor-based early detection system for hatch cover wheel dislocation that operates in real-time to enhance the efficiency and safety of cargo handling operations. The research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method using the prototype. The problem was obtained through direct observation conducted during the sea practicum aboard MV. Bulk Batavia, prototype system testing, and validation by three expert validators and twenty experienced cadets. The developed product integrates an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, ESP32 microcontroller, LED indicators, buzzer, 16×2 LCD, and the Blynk IoT platform for real-time remote monitoring. Results demonstrate that the system detects hatch cover wheel position changes with a response time of 0.016–0.020 seconds, operating consistently under both normal and dislocation conditions. Expert validation yielded a feasibility percentage of 97.33%, while user validation produced 94.4%, both categorized as highly feasible. The developed system proved effective as a proactive early detection solution, capable of issuing warnings before full dislocation occurs, thereby minimizing downtime and supporting improved cargo handling efficiency on bulk carrier vessels.