Abstract:
Cargo temperature is a critical factor influencing the quality of bulk grain cargo during a
voyage. Temperature fluctuations inside the cargo hold can cause condensation, self-
heating, and moisture migration, which potentially damage the cargo. In operational
practices on MV. Ocean Ruby, temperature monitoring is still conducted manually at
specific times, making it less effective in detecting early temperature rises, particularly
during adverse weather conditions that restrict deck activities. This condition indicates a
gap between cargo handling theory and field practice. This study aims to design an
automatic and real-time cargo temperature monitoring device to enhance monitoring
effectiveness and support ventilation decision-making during the voyage. The method
utilized is Research and Development (R&D) through the stages of device design,
development, and testing based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The results demonstrate
that the device, developed using ESP32, DS18B20 temperature sensors, water sensors,
and Firebase real-time database, is capable of generating accurate, continuous, and real-
time temperature data. The device is also equipped with an LCD, LED indicators, and a
buzzer as an early warning system against abnormal conditions. In conclusion, this device
successfully improves monitoring effectiveness, reduces the risk of cargo damage, and
supports more precise operational decision-making.
